Kandali Kingdom

1. History

Because the newest archeological evidences have not been found, the historical data about Malay Kingdoms pre Crivijaya are mostly still unknown. Until now, most of the evidences confirming the existence of those ancient kingdoms based on Chinese writings which were concerned with their rapport with those Kingdoms (Negeri Bawah Angin). What make it worst is the complexity of the writings interpretation which then drives to the limitation of the Malay Kingdoms pre-Crivijaya information.

According to the Chinese writings, in the Emperor Hsiau-wu period (459-464 C.E), he had ever accepted the delegate from Kandali King; Sa-pa-la-na-lin-da. Furthermore, the writings stated that the Kandali King had sent several delegates to China as in 502, 519, and 520 C.E. Another writing confirmed that delegation had been sent by Kantoli seven times; 441, 455, 502, 519, 520, 560, 563 C.E. If it is assumed that Kantoli is identical to Kandal, this fact will indicate the constant contact of Kandal Kingdom with the Chinese. These writings, additionally, pointed to the existence of Kandali Kingdom and asserted their intense relationship with the enormous Kingdoms in China.       

Based on historical writing, Ming Dynasty (1368-1643 C.E) had developed the mutual relationship with San-fo-tsi Kingdom. The writing also mentioned that Kandali constituted the previous name of San-fo-tsi. Another interpretation will be that Kandali was under the reign of San-fo-tsi. Regarding the center of Kingdom, it has been said that it was located in the south-east of Sumatra Sea embracing Palembang and Jambi. The Kingdom was the flourishing trade route. Another writing stated the south sea as the location of the Kingdom. In the sixth century, the name of this Kingdom was no longer mentioned in the Chinese writings.  

Above is a brief history providing meager information of Kandali due to the limitation of archeological data and written historical documents.  

2. Genealogy

3. Kingdom Territory

4. Kingdom Period

5. Kingdom Structure

6. Socio-cultural life

According to the available Chinese writing, Kandali was rich in natural resources such as textile materials, high quality cotton and areca. In terms of indigenous custom, Kandali was similar to Cambodia and Campa

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