Folk story is defined as a cultural expression in a particular community shown through spoken language and common parlance. The expression is germane to various cultural aspects comprising religion, belief system, customary law, economic activities, family system, social stratum, and social values within the community. In general, folk stories are inherited orally across generations. According to Djames Danandjaja, folk stories have specific features making them different from other stories
Inherited orally, which means the transmission of story materials is carried out through vocal utterance
As oral tradition, they possess several versions
Developing within limited time, no more than two generations
Considered as anonymous stories, meaning that the story tellers are particularly difficult to track down. Hence, the stories become common property
Having certain functions in community. For example, as a means of education, suggestion of plain moral lessons, religious advices, entertainment, social process, etc.
Containing fictional stories that feature illogic way of thinking. The stories usually narrate god‘s descents, and contain superficial references. The story of Karna who were born from his mother‘s ear in Mahabharata epic is the example of these fictional stories.
Using simple and spontaneous language and sometimes rude as seen in anecdotal stories. However, in its development, the folk stories are narrated in more subtle way.
Regarding the contents, folk stories generally narrate the live process surrounding human being such as universal creation, the first human being, death, animal forms, topographic condition, prominent figure, staple food (rice, sago, corn), the origin of certain city, supernatural people, dance, scared places, cultural ceremonies, animals, fortress etc. Characters in the folk story may vary from one to another as they may be people, fairies, talking animals, giants, and goddess. All of them portray distinctive and unique characters
Folk stories are adored by certain community as they embed moral values, provide entertainment, and give educations. When the availability of formal education such as school was still limited, folk stories served as a means of education in family to shape children‘s attitude and behaviour. Nowadays, when the formal education is available, the folk stories still have significant functions and play important roles, especially to mold character of family members.
Recently, folk stories are not transmitted merely through oral, but electronic and printed media. The roles of story tellers gradually have been taken over by those media. However, oral features are still attached to the stories. As one of the electronic media, melayuonline tries to document, record, and spread the folk stories that develop all over Nusantara (SM/sas/06/7-07).
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