Asahan Kingdom

1. The History

Ther history of Asahan Kingdom started when The Sultan of Aceh, Iskandar Muda, went on a journey to Johor and Malacca in 1612 A.D. In the journey, the king and his people rested in a upper course of river, that would be named Asahan in the future. After resting there, the journey was continued to a cape, where the flow of Asahan River and Silau River met. In the cape, Sultan Iskandar met King Simargolang. As a place to meet the King, a terrace or hall was built in the area. In the future, the area became a village called Tanjung Balai. Because its strategic position in the trading lane of Aceh and Malacca, Tanjung Balai then rapidly developed.

After the meeting, the relationship between Sultan Iskandar Muda and King Simargolang increasingly became closer because Sultan Iskandar Muda married one of King Simargolang`s daughters. From the marriage, a son named Abdul Jalil was born. In the future, Abdul Jalil would be the first Sultan of Asahan in 1630 A.D. Because of the kinship of Asahan and Aceh, the kingdom became part of Aceh until the beginning of the 19^th century. On September 12^th, 1865 A.D, Asahan was conquered by the Dutch. When Indonesia declared their independence, Asahan decided to become part of Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia in 1946, a year after the proclamation of independence.

The Sultanate of Asahan also made friends with the Kingdom of Batak. Even Sisingamangaraja XII wanted to marry the Sultan`s daughter. Because the Sultan was sure that Sisingamangaraja had fulfilled the requirements to do ijab kabul (Islamic wedding vow), he agreed to it. But then it was cancelled because the Dutch came.

2. The Kings of the Kingdom

1. Sri Paduka Raja Abdul Jalil I son of Sultan Iskandar Muda Johan Berdaulat (1630-16.. )
2. Sri Paduka Raja Said Shah son of  King Abdul Jalil (16..-17..)
3. Sri Paduka Raja Muhammad Mahrum Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Said Shah (17..-1760)
4. Sri Paduka Raja `Abdu`l Jalil Shah II ibni al-Marhum Raja Muhammad Mahrum Shah (1760-1765)
5. Sri Paduka Raja Deva Shah ibni al-Marhum `Abdu`l Jalil [died in Pasir Putih (1765-1805)
6. Sri Paduka Raja Said Musa Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Deva Shah [died in Rantau Panjang] (1805-1808)
7. Sri Paduka Raja Muhammad `Ali Shah ibni al-Marhum Raja Deva Shah 1808-1813
8. Sri Paduka Tuanku Sultan Muhammad Husain Rahmad Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Muhammad `Ali Shah [died in Kampung Masjid] 1813-1859)
9. Sri Paduka Tuanku Sultan Ahmad Shah ibni Sultan Muhammad Husain Rahmad Shah 1859-1888 M)
10. Sri Paduka Tuanku Al-Haji Abdullah Nikmatullah Shah ibni Raja Muhammad Ishak, Raja Kualuh and Leidong, also Yang di-Pertuan Muda in Asahan. He was appointed by the Dutch after his brother, Sultan Ahmad Shah was forced to take off his crown (1865-1867)
11. Sri Paduka Tuanku Sultan Muhammad Husain Rahmad Shah II ibni Tengku Muhammad `Adil (1888-1915)
12. Sri Paduka Tuanku Sultan Sha`ibun `Abdu`l Jalil Rahmad Shah III ibnu Sultan Muhammad Husain (1915-1980)

3. The Kingdom Period

During its existence, Asahan was ruled by 11 kings.

4. The Kingdom Territory

The territory of the Kingdom of Asahan consisted of a territory that now became Asahan District, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia.

5. The Kingdom Structure

Asahan was a small kingdom that became part of Aceh, so automatically the supreme authority was in the hand of the Sultan of Aceh. But inside Asahan, the highest supreme belonged to the Sultan that was titled Yang Dipertuan Besar/Sri Paduka Raja. The lower position was Yang Dipertuan Muda. For Batubara territory and other smaller territories, the authority belonged to the datuk.

When Asahan was conquered by the Dutch on September 12^th, 1865 A.D, the Dutch became the highest authority in all Asahan territory. The highest Dutch Representative in Asahan was Kontroler that was legislated by Gouverments Besluit dated on 30^th September, 1867 number 2, about the establishment of Afdeling Asahan that sat at Tanjung Balai. Based on that rule, Asahan was also divided into three:

1. Onder Afdeling Batubara
2. Onder Afdeling Asahan
3. Onder Afdeling Labuhan Batu

Although the Dutch held the highest authority and divided Asahan into three centers of government, but the authority of the Datuks in Batubara was still admitted by the Dutch. However, the authority lessened.

Specifically, the Dutch also divided the territory of the sultan and the datuk. For the sultan, the Dutch gave districts and onder districts:

1. Tanjung Balai District and Kepayang River Onder District
2. Kisaran District
3. Bandar Pulau District and Bandar Pasir Mandoge Onder District

While for the datuks in Batubara, the Dutch gave Self Bestuur:

1. Indrapura Self Bestuur
2. Lima Puluh Self Bestuur
3. Pesisir Self Bestuur
4. Suku Dua Self Bestuur (Bogak and Lima Laras)

When the Dutch surrendered to Japan, Asahan was automatically under the rule of Japan. Japan was led by T. Jamada, changed the governmental structure in Asahan into Bunsyu and Fuku Bunsyu. Fuku Bunsyu was Batubara, while other smaller territories became districts. The districts were: Tanjung Balai, Kisaran, Bandar Pulau, Pulau Rakyat and Sei Kepayang.

The Japan Fascism Government ended on August 14^th, 1945 and on August 17^th, 1945 the independence of the Republic of Indonesia was proclaimed. Based on Regulation Number 1 Year 1945, The Indonesia National Committee, the territory of Asahan was established in September 1945. That time, Japanese government no longer existed, but the government of the Sultanate and Fuku Bunsyu in Batubara still did.

On March 15^th, 1946, the Indonesia governmental structure worked in Asahan and it was led by Abdullah Eteng as the Chief of Territory and Sori Harahap as the Vice Chief of Territory, while Asahan were divided into 5 kewedanaans, yaitu:

1. Kewedanaan Tanjung Balai
2. Kewedanaan Kisaran
3. Kewedanaan Batubara Utara
4. Kewedanaan Batubara Selatan
5. Kewedanaan Bandar Pulau

In the Conference of Pamong Praja of Keresidenan of East Sumatera in June 1946, the governmental structure was perfected.

1. The name of Asahan Territory changed into  Kabupaten Asahan
2. The title of Chief of  Territory changed into Bupati
3. The title of The Vice Chief of Territory changed into  Patih
4. Kabupaten Asahan (District) was divided into 15 kecamatan (sub-district):

a) Kewedanaan Tanjung Balai:

• Kecamatan Tanjung Balai
• Kecamatan Air Joman
• Kecamatan Simpang Empat
• Kecamatan Sei Kepayang

b) Kewedanaan Kisaran:

• Kecamatan Kisaran
• Kecamatan Air Batu
• Kecamatan Buntu Pane

c) Kewedanaan Batubara Utara:

• Kecamatan Medang Deras
• Kecamatan Air Putih

d) Kewedanaan Batubara Selatan:

• Kecamatan Talawi
• Kecamatan Tanjung Tiram
• Kecamatan Lima Puluh

e) Kewedanaan Bandar Pulau:

• Kecamatan Bandar Pulau
• Kecamatan Pulau Rakyat
• Kecamatan Bandar Pasir Mandoge

Considering a more strategic position, on May 20^th, 1968, through the Government Regulation Number 19 Year 1980, the capital city of Kabupaten Asahan was changed from Kota Tanjung Balai to Kota Kisaran.

6. Social and Cultural Life

As a sultanate which grew in Islam culture, religious life in Asahan worked pretty well. There was a famous Ulama that was born in Asahan, he was Syeikh Abdul Hamid. He was born in 1880 (1298 Hijriyah –Islam year), and died on February 18^th, 1951 (10 Rabiul Awal 1370 H). Datuk, and his grandmother and father came from Talu, Minangkabau.  Syekh Abdul Hamid studied Islam in Mecca. This made him respected by other ulamas that time. The students of Syekh Abdul Hamid established an organization called Jamiyyatul Washliyyah in the future. An organization based on sunni ideology and mashab Syafii (Safi`I school of thought). In many things, the organization had a lot in common with Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (PERTI) that was established by ulamas in Minangkabau. The similarities were because those ulamas were good friends since they studied together in Mecca. The point of view of these ulamas was very different from the reformist ideology that the young ulamas from Minangkabau, such as Dr. Haji Abdul Karim Amrullah, brought. That`s why, a polemic often happened between the followers of both groups.  

In the first half of the 20^th century, around 1916, a school named Madrasah Ulumul Arabiyyah was established in Asahan. Syekh Abdul Hamid was appointed as the first director. Madrasah Ulumul Arabiyah then grew as one of important Islamic schools in Asahan. Even it became one of the famous madrasah in North Sumatera, at the same level as Madrasah Islam Stabat, Langkat, Madrasah Islam Binjai and Madrasah al-Hasaniyah Medan. Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad Thalib Lubis (1908-1972), a famous ulama in Asahan, was graduated from this school.

A written inheritance of Asahan Kingdom was only related to religious books that were written by the ulamas for the sake of teaching. These are the books that were written by  Syeikh Abdul Hamid of Asahan:

1. Ad-Durusul Khulasiyah
2. Al-Mathalibul Jamaliyah
3. Al-Mamlakul `Arabiyah.
4. Nujumul Ittiba.
5. Tamyizut Taqlidi Minal Ittiba.
6. Al-Ittiba.
7. Al-Mufradat
8. Mi`rajun Nabi.

 (TL/DW/05-08)

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Comment of "asahan kingdom"

29 Dec 2010. ibrahim siagian saya lahir di asahan dan baru tahu sejarah kerajaan asahan secara detail..terima kasih melayu online, semoga makin jaya..

05 Feb 2011. anissa berarti,penduduk asli pertamanya (pribumi) asahan itu Raja simargolang,melayunya pendatang...,awal mula nama ASAHAN yg tau Raja simargolang la..

02 Marc 2011. pasha Anniss@ kalau melihat bukti2 dan situs2 seperti makam tua yg ada di Asahan ini membuktikn penduduk asli (pertama) Asahan Raja Simargolang (Raja Asahan I)dan belum muslim yg berasal dari Tanah Batak.

06 Marc 2011. Tengku Surya Dharmasyah Adithya sembah patik mohon di ampun .....

15 Okt 2011. lukmanul hakim Mohon kami dimuat khusus tenteng sejarah SELF BESTUUR Suku Dua (Bogak dan Lima Laras), agar kami generasi muda yang kini berada di Kabupaten Batu Bara lebih tahu dan mengerti tentang Keberadaan Sejarah Datuk Bogak dan Kerajaan (Istana Niat Lima Laras). "DENGAN ADAT BUDAYA MELAYU, BERSAMA KITA MELANGKAH MAJU"

21 Jan 2012. nabila salsa pendidikan di kamboja seperti apa/

21 Jan 2012. nabila salsa pendidikan di kamboja seperti apa?

07 Nov 2016. wiwid anang terimakasih

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